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TNF inhibitor
A TNF inhibitor is a pharmaceutical drug that suppresses the physiologic response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is part of the inflammatory response. TNF is involved in autoimmune and immune-mediated disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa and refractory asthma, so TNF inhibitors may be used in their treatment. The important side effects of TNF inhibitors include lymphomas, infections (especially reactivation of latent tuberculosis), congestive heart failure, demyelinating disease, a lupus-like syndrome, induction of auto-antibodies, injection site reactions, and systemic side effects.
The global market for TNF inhibitors in 2008 was $13.5 billion and $22 billion in 2009.〔http://knol.google.com/k/top-ten-twenty-best-selling-drugs-2009#Best_selling_therapeutic_categoriesBest_selling_therapeutic_categoriesef>〕
==History of anti-TNF treatments==
Early experiments associated TNF with the pathogenesis of bacterial sepsis. Thus, the first preclinical studies using anti-TNF antibodies were performed in animal models of sepsis and showed that anti-TNF antibodies protected mice from sepsis. However, subsequent clinical trials in patients with sepsis showed no significant benefit. It wasn't until 1991 that studies in a transgenic mouse model of overexpressed human TNF provided the pre-clinical rationale for a causal role of TNF in the development of polyarthritis and that anti-TNF treatments could be effective against human arthritides. This was later confirmed in clinical trials and led to the development of the first biological therapies for rheumatoid arthritis.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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